The addition of the Small Scale Stack Simulator will enable experimental research in this field with downstream of elbows) to understand profile effects on multi-path flow meters, (see Johnson et al., 2013 and Prasad et al., 2013). The Fluid Metrology Group makes computer simulations of the velocity field in real-world pipe configurations (e.g.Ultrasonic flow meters are used in liquids, natural gas, and smoke stacks. Turbine meter factor versus Reynolds number for various liquid kinematic viscosities from Pope et al., 2012. Subsequent publications by Pope in 20 show the model works for a wide variety of turbine designs, enabling transition to safer calibration fluids in laboratory flow standards. Pope et al., 2012 demonstrated that an extended version of the Lee model explained the complex calibration curves obtained when fluid kinematic viscosity is varied between 1 cSt and 50 cSt.Turbine flow meters are widely used for liquid flow comparisons. ![]() The Fluid Metrology Group applied the laminar flow meter model to commercially available meters and demonstrated the improvement over the usually applied models in Calibration of laminar flow meters for process gases Wright et al., 2012.In Simple flow meter and viscometer of high accuracy for gases, Berg merged the physical models available in literature to account for Hagen-Poiseiulle, slip, virial, expansion, thermal, and kinetic energy effects.Laminar flow meters are often used for flows < 1 L/min. Temperature distribution in heated critical flow venturis constructed of copper, stainless steel, and ceramic material, from Wright et al. The Fluid Metrology Group developed a theoretical explanation for the thermal effects and presented experimental results in Thermal Effects on Critical Flow Venturis, Wright et al. Thermal effects: CFVs smaller than 10 mm exhibit sensitivity to the environmental temperature because of the difficulty in measuring the correct temperature of a gas flow and thermal boundary layer effects.The fluid Metrology Group has used CFVs with fast instrumentation (see Wright, 2010 Performance of critical flow venturis under transient conditions) to test coriolis meter response to transient flows. Transient flows: Rapidly changing and pulsatile flows can introduce significant flow errors in gaseous re-fueling and reciprocating compressor applications.Some remaining species effects have been improved by better calculations of the real gas critical flow function (see Wright and Johnson, 2009), and that property is now available in NIST's Standard Reference Database 23 - REFPROP. The largest differences (2%) are due to vibrational relaxation in CO2 as explained in Johnson et al., 2006 and Johnson et al., 2000. ![]()
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